From wikipedia about Taiwan
Taiwan, Historically,
Taiwan has also been called in also known, especially in the past, as Formosa (from Ilha Formosa, "Beautiful Island"), is an island of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland
China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of
China (ROC) following the Chinese Civil War in 1950. The island of
Taiwan has the largest population and therefore, the name "Taiwan" has also become the pars pro toto common name for the ROC itself.
Separated from the Asian continent by the wide
Taiwan Strait, the main island of the group is long and wide. To the northeast are the main islands of
Japan and the East
China Sea, and the southern end of the Ryukyu Islands of
Japan is directly to the east; the Batanes Islands of the
Philippines lie to its south across the Bashi Channel. The mountainous island spans the Tropic of Cancer and is covered by tropical and subtropical vegetation. Other minor islands and islets of the group include the Penghu Islands (Pescadores), Green Island, and Orchid Island, as well as the Diaoyutai Islands (Senkaku islands), which have been controlled by
Japan since the 1970s.
Taiwan was ceded to the Empire of
Japan by the Qing Empire in the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895. In 1945
Taiwan was freed from
Japan as a result of World War II. Four years later the ROC lost mainland
China in the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of
China and resettled its government to
Taiwan.
Taiwan composes the vast majority of the ROC's territory since 1950, and this is one of multiple reasons that the ROC is commonly known as "Taiwan". The political status of
Taiwan is disputed because it is claimed by the People's Republic of
China, which was established in 1949 by the communists on mainland
China and considers itself the successor state to the ROC. In fact, since PRC's establishment, it never controlled any of the territories the ROC government currently governs.
Japan had originally acquired
Taiwan from the Qing Empire in 1895 under Article 2 of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. At the end of World War II,
Japan renounced all claims to sovereignty over its former colonial possessions, including
Taiwan and Penghu (Pescadores), but did not specify to whom
Taiwan and Penghu should be assigned. This fact and subsequent handling of Taiwan's sovereignty by the Allies of World War II led to the complex and unresolved issues of the legal and political status of
Taiwan.
Taiwan's rapid economic growth in the decades after World War II has transformed it into an industrialized developed country and one of the Four Asian Tigers. This economic rise is known as the
Taiwan Miracle. It is categorized as an advanced economy by the IMF and as a high-income economy by the World Bank. Its advanced technology industry plays a key role in the global economy. Taiwanese companies manufacture a large portion of the world's consumer electronics, although most of them are now made in their factories in mainland
China.
